A Circular Flow Diagram That Includes The Government Sector

Microeconomics A circular flow diagram that includes the government sector. 3 sector/3 market circular flow with the foreign sector added as well. . Retrieved from: www.amosweb.com 3 sectors: Household, Business and Government 3 markets: Product, Resource and Financial The household sector is responsible for consumption expenditures. It includes everyone, all the people who seek to fulfill their wants and need. This is eating, shopping and the consumption of items. Don’t let the name fool you, you don’t have to own a house or even live in an apartment. The name â€Å"Household Sector† just simply means a person’s everyday wants and needs. The Business sector is our factory workers or worker ants as I like to call them. Made up of all different types of companies that leads its self-back to the Household sector to produce our everyday wants and needs. The sole purpose is the production of goods and services. Some business can be small or large and may be known as proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations. Some have companies/ factories all around the world, while others could be working from their homes. Production transforms anything into everyday wants and needs of the people. For example a pile of steel can be tra nsformed into a car. Once the car is produced then it gets transported to a dealership somewhere in the world where a single person who desires it can buy it. The Government sector is like the boss in my opinion. It includes all levels of the government whichShow MoreRelatedBasic Economic Concepts : Absolute And Comparative Advantage Essay2016 Words   |  9 Pageseconomical equilibrium globally benefits the entire world, not just one nation or person. Invisible Hand The invisible hand is a force that helps guide the market to an automatic equilibrium and directs economic activity, without the help of the government or other dictators. This is through decisions that buyers and sellers make on the supply and demand of products, prices, needs, wants, and resources. As explained by N. George Mankiw, â€Å"In any market, buyers look at the price when determining howRead MoreThe Theory Of The Economy1261 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyzing the flow of money, etc. Then they take their research and compare their theories with the collected data to determine if their theories are correct (Mankiw, 1998). Since theories and research in economy can be confusing and difficult economists use models to help interpret and explain how the economy works and how different aspects of the economy affect each other. One of these models is called the circular flow diagram. In some models, the economy is simplified to include only two typesRead MoreEcon 25 Marker779 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Extract B (lines 5 – 7) states: ‘This plan, laid out by the Coalition Government, implies the longest and deepest sustained period of cuts to public spending since the Second World War’. Using the data and your economic knowledge, assess the likely impact of substantial cuts in public expenditure on the performance of the UK economy. Public expenditure - Spending made by the government of a country on collective needs and wants such as pension, provision, infrastructure, etc. The performanceRead MoreThe Circular Flow Diagram Analysis1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe circular Flow diagram that I created above contains these sectors such as Domestic firms, Household, the rest of the world and Government. The diagram illustrates the continuous movement of money for goods and services between producers and consumers. The household sector includes everyone; such as you and me we are buying products from everyone and selling our work. So this is everyone who may be seeking to satisfy unlimited wants and needs. Households are responsible for consumption. It alsoRead MoreCircular Equation : Circular Flow Models Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesASSIGNMENT TIMUR TOTIKOV ID:703765 Question â„â€" 1: Circular Flow Models Q1.1 An economic model attempts to abstract from complex human behavior in a way that sheds some insight into a particular aspect of that behavior. This process inherently ignores important aspects of real-world behavior, making the modeling process an art as well as a mathematical exercise. The expression of a model can be in the form of words, diagrams, or mathematical equations, depending on the audience and theRead MoreTMA01 DD209 757 Words   |  4 Pagesb. The external sector of an economy bequeaths to the international transactions that all residents of a country (private and public sector) lead with the rest of the world. It is demonstrated on its current account or its opposite capital account(Santos, 2013). The public sector of an economy concerns providing various government service. The public sector includes such services as the police, military, public roads, public transit, education, healthcare, etc. The private sector of an economy runsRead MoreMacroeconomics Quiz Answers Essay example3091 Words   |  13 Pagesside policy. C) fiscal policy. D) incomes policy. Answer: A 2) If Congress increases government spending, it is using A) monetary policy. B) supply- side policy. C) fiscal policy. D) incomes policy. Answer: C 3) Government policies regarding taxes and expenditures are called A) fiscal policy. B) income policies. C) supply- side policy. D) monetary policy. Answer: A 4) The government implements fiscal policy when it changes A) spending and/or interest rate. B) money supplyRead MoreEconomic Factors That Influence Our Quality Of Life1379 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket influence to drive most of their activities and decisions. They only really become involved in government interventions (for example; price fixing and subsidizations) to the extent that is needed to provide and ensure stability. The market economy is the preferred system of choice in today s marketplace however, it is debatable whether market economy allows for the correct amount of government intervention that is considered ideal for efficient economic function. Market economy producers willRead MoreMacro Economics11524 Words   |  47 Pagesall the sectors alike. Some sectors may be possible saw a difference tendency. For example arise in general price level, may not affect all the sectors in the same way . some may have favorable effect while some other may be adverse effect. Conclusion: From the above discussion it shows that limitations associated with the macro economics analysis affect only its practical signification, however they in way invalidated. in macroeconomic techniques. 2. What do you mean by circular flow of incomeRead MoreEffects Of Devaluation Of Yuan For Chinese Economy1688 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues to the expectedly number. Another argument is that China preparing to reform its Yuan policy in an effort to have it include in the International Monetary Fund’s Basket of â€Å"special drawing rights† (SDR) reserve currencies (Spence, 2015). He (2015) also points out that a reasonable adjustment of Yuan’s value is good for it to be admitted to the SDR, which already include US dollar, Europe’s euro, British pound and Japanese yen. What’s more, there are a lot of benefits to join in SDR, Mobius points

Enron Accounting Scandal - 1927 Words

ENRON ACCOUNTING SCANDAL The Scandal In the history of accounting, Enron scandal means more than just a legend of accounting managements. It exceeds every other accountings deceit, because the need to secrete its real economic situation was not just a matter of hiding failures borne out of unsuccessful business protrusions. In our summary of the ten major accounting scandals that altered the business world, Enron led the set of white collar crimes committed out of pure gluttony (McLean Peter, 2003). A lot of people blamed Americas deregulated trading system as the major contributing aspect that permitted Enrons malfeasance to happen. However, an assessment of early years of deregulation was established that free enterprise was not as bad as its disbelievers had anticipated (McLean Peter, 2003). Enron in fact takes advantage of Americas free enterprise where industries are anticipated to aggravate into earning proceeds by giving clients the most excellent services or merchandise they need. Underneath unobstructed trade situation, industry players are projected to create their own business and financial tactics in a manner that will draw clients to support their goods and services (Dharan William 2004). However, Enron executives become gluttonous in Americas deregulated economy where business entities were manage to pay for tax cutbacks. Said cutbacks were proposed as incentives for businesses to give the maximum quality in their merchandise at viable costs.Show MoreRelatedAccounting Scandals And Enron Accounting Scandal1596 Words   |  7 Pagespaper I will be examining accounting scandals, specifically the Enron Accounting Scandal. First, I will be exploring the history of Enron. Then I will be going into further depth on what accounting issues Enron faced and then I will be explaining what a derivative is. Finally yet importantly, I will consider the different types of Accounting Fraud following a conclusion. Accounting Scandals are born due to collective greed and corporate arrogance. In the case of Enron there was a lot of euphoriaRead MoreEnron Accounting Scandal1096 Words   |  5 PagesEnron was originally a pipeline company in Houston, Texas in 1985. Enron became a co mpany that was able to profit by providing deliveries of gas to utility companies and businesses. As the deregulation of electric power rose, Enron diversified the business and entered into an energy broker, which traded electricity and other types of commodities. Enron employed several highly qualified PHDs in mathematics, physics, and economics. Enron continued to enter into contracts with customers and utilizedRead MoreEnron Accounting Scandal1706 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enron Accounting Scandal of 2001 There are many accounting scandals that have occurred throughout United States History. Many scandals occur even without outsiders knowing anything that had occurred. Companies try their best to keep many of the accounting scandals quiet. Everyday, there are political and business fraud happening, and most of it goes unnoticed. No company wants to admit that there was a problem or that people within the company are not trust worthy. However, when executivesRead MoreAccounting Scandals And The Enron Corporation1721 Words   |  7 PagesAccounting scandals have happened in numerous companies. In one major case, the firm filed for bankruptcy, and many of its workers lost their jobs, savings, and investments from stocks. This major epidemic happen at Enron, an energy firm stationed in Houston, Texas founded by Kenneth Lay in 1986 (Frontain). On December 2, 2001, the Enron Corporation, an apparently strong and booming business, fell to an all-time low by shocking the world when it filed for bankruptcy protection. Many people wereRead MoreAccounting Scandals. ENRON, WORLDCOM1894 Words   |  8 PagesENRON Enron shocked the world from being â€Å"America’s most innovative company† to America s biggest corporate bankruptcy at its time. At its peak, Enron was America s seventh largest corporation. Enron gave the illusion that it was a steady company with good revenue but that was not the case, a large part of Enron’s profits were made of paper. This was made possible by masterfully designed accounting and morally questionable acts by traders and executives. Deep debt and surfacing information aboutRead MoreAccounting Scandals Of Enron Company1070 Words   |  5 PagesBaasit Kazi Ms. Bogert College Accounting 1-1B 28 April, 2015 Accounting Scandals Reflection Enron was founded in July of 1985. Enron was an electricity and natural gas company which was a fortune 500 company and it was ranked the sixth largest energy company in the world. Enron’s stock went from a peak of $90.75 to $0.67. This was very detrimental to stockholders. Enron’s top executives sold their stock a long time before the stock price fell. A lot of lower level employees could not sell theirRead MoreEnron And The Collapse Of Enron1254 Words   |  6 Pagesone dollar. This happened to shareholders of Enron. The total debt amounted to over $ 16 billion, which was the largest corporate bankruptcy in American history. Shareholders lost 60 billion dollars within a few days, 4500 employees lost their jobs, and the employees lost billions in pension benefits. I had never heard the name of Enron nor Enron’s scandal until I watched a film, â€Å"Enron: The Smartest Guys in The Room,† but I realized the Enron scandal affected the whole of the business in the UnitedRead MoreEthics Standards And The Field Of Accounting950 Words   |  4 Pagesnecessity in the field of accounting. Businesses rely on accountants to accurately report their financial information and give sound advise and consultation in regards to their business. There are standards and rules set in place to ensure that ethics and information is reported accurately. Laws and repercussions are created place to deter unethical and illegal accounting practices, although it still occurs in the business world on many levels. The field of accounting has a code of ethics forRead MoreThe Enron Scandal And Its Impact On The Business World1320 Words   |  6 Pagescan often times become a second priority behind the gaining of profits and success as a company. This is the controversial issue that led to the Enron scandal and ultimately the fall of this company. Enron Corporation was an energy company, and in the peaks of their success, they were the top supplier of natural gas and electricity throughout America. Enron Corporation came about from a merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Houston Natural Gas was a gas providing company formed in HoustonRead More Deception, Fraud, and the Collapse of Enron Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagesand the Collapse of Enron Introduction From America’s 7th most valuable company in December 2000, to a company in ruins by early 2002, Enron has been involved in one of the most incredible reverses of fortune ever. With shares riding high on Wall Street at $84.87 on the 28th December 2000, and awards such as â€Å"America’s most innovative company† from Fortune Magazine 6 years running, and â€Å"Energy Company of the Year† from the Financial Times also in 2000, it looked as though Enron were promising to

Marketing Plan Proposal Is To Make Critical-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Marketing Plan Proposal Is To Make Critical? Answer: Introduction The main aim of this marketing plan proposal is to make critical recommendations. It recommends that, the planting festival should come up with a marketing plan that attracts New Zealand tourists for a period of not less than three years. A marketing plan always lays a first important basis of how the organization can do its activities best. (Luther, 2011) Tourist attraction is not an easy task that a country can offer without making a good plan. It is thus recommended that, the planting festival organizers create a marketing plan that will aid in attracting tourists from New Zealand. New Zealand is a country that has graced the world in the field of tourism not only in the value of tree planting but in other sectors. (Nilsson, 2014) Background This is an annual festival commonly referred to as Woodfordia. The main purpose for this planting festival was to maintain the environment and preserve Mother Nature. Through this activity, many tourists have been witnessed flowing in mostly from New Zealand to participate in the event. However, this event has lately been facing stiff competition from the music industry. Music has earned a lot of tourist attraction in this current generation. The presence of various performers and music genres attract many tourists to such events. It is now important that the Planting festival becomes keener on such potential competitors. (Westwood, 2013) Proposed competitive advantage of tree planting One of the main competitive advantages of the planting festival is the fact that it attracts many tourists. Trees and mostly the indigenous ones attract tourist from all over the world. Secondly, increase in business activities is another advantage to add on. During the festival, many business activities take place and this becomes a good competitive advantage to other likely current competitors. (Ricken, 2011) Last but not least, as much as the festival is focused on planting trees, it creates marketing strategies for the products of surrounding people. Through the event, the business people try to market their commodities more effectively. Target market for tree planting service The most and main target groups in this context will be potential tree planters/growers. This is a person who has a large supply market to other small groups. It is also an individual who is in a position to get more customers and sell the trees more easily. He or she must have an abundant space of storing the different types of trees. (Luther, 2011) How tree planting can deliver customer value to target market. Customer value can be managed well through marketing. You should be able to convince the customer the other benefits of trees apart from just planting a tree as an activity. (Nilsson, 2014) conclusion It is recommended that the organizers of this event should come up with a good marketing plan. This plan should aim at attracting a good number of tourists from New Zealand to be in attendance during the festival. A marketing plan will therefore be required in order to assess the potential competitors of such a service and ways of encountering the competition successfully. References Luther, W. M. (2011). The marketing plan: How to prepare and implement it. New York: AMACOM. Nilsson, F.B. (2014). Understanding competitive advantage: The importance of strategic congruence and integrated control. Berlin. Ricken, B. G. (2011). The competitive advantage of regions and nations: Technology transfer through foreign direct investment. Westwood, J. (2013). How to write a marketing plan. London: Kogan Page.

The Effect Of Media Images Essay Example For Students

The Effect Of Media Images Essay It was fashionable to be fat throughout most of history. Obesity was attractive because it was considered to be a sign of wealth. Those who could obtain enough food to keep themselves and their family well fed were people with money. In the past century, however, food has been abundant in most of the developed nations, and thinness has become fashionable. Eating disorders have increased significantly over the past thirty years. The two most common eating disorders include anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a disease in which women become very self-conscious about their weight and have an intense fear of becoming fat. They go to such extremes as starving themselves in order to keep thin, and some use additional methods such as vomiting, taking excessive amounts of laxatives, or exercising profusely. Bulimia nervosa on the other hand is an eating disorder in which the patient eats large amounts of food in a short period of time, also known as binge eating. Another symptom of bulimia is ridding oneself of food through vomiting, using laxatives, or over-exercising, commonly known as purging. Women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia often experience fatigue and decreased energy, headaches, personality changes, and abdominal pain. If an eating disorder is left untreated, it can lead to serious health damage, even death. These eating disorders are usually brought on because a girl is unsatisfied with her own body image. Oftentimes she feels out of control, and restricting her intake of food is one way to regain control. The patient has a sense of power over food, and this makes her feel more secure about everything else going on in her life. Many times, girls with low self-esteem are the victims of eating disorders because they often seek approval from their peers. By being thinner, they believe that they will become more desirable. Studies have shown that the majority of women with eating disorders are adolescents. We will write a custom essay on The Effect Of Media Images specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now What makes a young woman associate thinness with beauty? Many are now beginning to believe that the media has much to do with how women view themselves. Young women see thin models and actresses in magazines, advertisements, and television shows. The media have portrayed the successful and beautiful protagonists as thin. They have promoted the image of thinness through popular programming.. Thinness has thus become associated with self control and success. The average American woman s body weight has increased over the past thirty years, yet the models that represent American women have become increasingly thinner. The media s portrayal of happy, successful women being extremely thin makes a huge impact on women s perception of beauty. When girls begin to compare themselves to the famous and thin women they see on television, or in magazines, they equate thinness with beauty, and many strive to become beautiful. An increase in the number of diet and health articles and advertisements had also risen along with the number of eating disorders. Articles on weight loss can be found in almost every issue of women s magazines, and new â€Å"miracle† diet books are constantly being published. Many of these diets are unhealthy, and some are even dangerous. Weight loss advertisements are found in almost every type of media, and women are constantly obssessed with the topic of weight. Many young woman can overlook the stream of thinness and diet propaganda that they encounter, but an increasing number of women are not so lucky. As the media puts more and more emphasis on thinness, more women become dissatisfied with their own bodies. Some may argue that the media has nothing to do with a woman s perception of herself. They believe that women want to look at people more beautiful than themselves, and that thin models inspire people to take better care of their own bodies. But researches suggest that exposure to thin models resulted in lower self-esteem and decreased weight satisfaction. Studies prove that the media does directly relate to and affect a woman s body image and self-esteem, which is directly related to eating disorders. .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 , .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 .postImageUrl , .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 , .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24:hover , .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24:visited , .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24:active { border:0!important; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24:active , .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24 .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8642bbb04ed8b28556a2a64ce9681e24:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Religion in The Black Robe EssayThere are ways that women can overcome social pressures about weight and appearance. One way to recognize stereotyping in the media and to appreciate and respect persons of all sizes. The media often portrays obese people as funny or stupid and they are frequently shown eating large amounts of food. Thin people, on the other hand, are portrayed as smart and successful. Acknowledging stereotyping will help to respect people of all sizes, and to accept all sizes as equal. Women also need to learn to reject negative messages from the media and to accept themselves as they are. When women stop measuring themselves against the almost impossible s tandards that the media have set, and learn to like themselves, they will become happier with themselves and will not worry about their weight or appearance. One needs to find comfort in activities, people, or goals rather than food or appearance. When a woman learns how to love and care for herself correctly, she will be content with her appearance even if she is not what the media would portray as the â€Å"ideal† woman.

The Alliance for Childhood and Computers in Education

The Alliance for Childhood and Computers in Education The Alliance for Childhood is one of the most famous organizations, which aim at promoting children healthy development, their enjoyment of this life, and love to education. Nowadays, the vast majority of children cannot imagine their lives without computers: they may communicate being far from each other, play various games, listen to music, find more friends online, and get their education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Alliance for Childhood and Computers in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, as The Alliance for Childhood states, people’s faith in technology should not be higher than children’s needs. The representatives of this organization admit that â€Å"the renewal of education requires personal attention to students from good teachers and active parents, strongly supported by their communication.† (The Alliance for Childhood) Lots of parents think that the earlier their child will learn how to use computer, the better job will be waiting for him/her in future. The Alliance for Childhood cannot agree with such a point, neither do I. Parents are afraid that their children may be left behind, this is why they are eager to use all chances, which are presented to them. â€Å"Wiring and computerizing America’s schools is an urgent priority – not for children, but for high-tech companies that need to constantly expand their markets.† (The Alliance for Childhood) This is why it is crucially important to pay attention to ethical and social technological implications. The Alliance for Childhood focuses on the importance of physical, emotional, and social development of children. Computers pose certain hazards to child’s life, and the mission of parents and teachers is to protect future generation from destructions and health problems, caused by computers. Of course, there are certain benefits of computers and the abilities c hildren may get, however, it is necessary to remember about the limits and pay enough attention to active life, healthy food, and real communication – and all this is impossible to get sitting in front of the computer. Microsoft Word and Writing Poetries The Microsoft Word program turns out to be rather helpful for completing different kinds of assignment. Students get much more opportunities to demonstrate their creativeness, present quite interesting ideas in order to explain the topic under consideration, and represent their personal vision of the issue. The Microsoft Word program may be also used as a helpful tool to teach students of upper elementary schools on how to write poetry. Without any doubts, students may get lots of benefits using the Microsoft Word program. Microsoft Word may correct automatically students’ spelling mistakes and underline the sentences, which may cause some doubts. With the help of this program, students can easily find out several syno nyms to make the work more sound.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is quite possible to add a captivating picture or any other illustrative material in order to attract reader’s attention. However, it is necessary to remember that this program deprive students from the opportunity to correct all the mistakes and train him/herself to pay attention to each detail in the work. Students can just rely on the corrections, their computers should make. But still, Microsoft Word cannot be sure about the proper use of this or that word. When a student creates poetry, it is necessary to use soul and imagination. Of course, this program helps to represent the ideas in the best ways; but the works created by means of some computer programs may be usually deprived of soul and personal emotions, and such deprivation is not inherent to real pieces of art. Poetry is something that s hould come from the heart; the Microsoft Word program can help to present the ideas in a really attractive way, but still, students should not rely on this program only in order not to forget about emotions, which are not inherent to computers. Presentation for the Parents’ Open House Evening Parents’ open house evenings play a very important role in the life of school and each student. Students have a wonderful chance to demonstrate their abilities and underline the issues, which are crucially important for students. This is why it is very important to present captivating presentation and use of the reliable material to prove or disprove some fact. Within 15 minutes, it is quite possible to present the topic and explain its strong and weak points. However, certain steps have to be taken. First, it is necessary to choose the appropriate media for the presentation and for the display. Nowadays, a lot of things can be made with the help of computers. If yesterday, people spend much time to paint something or create the necessary exhibits, nowadays, the same people have a good chance to make a presentation within several minutes – all the necessary example can be created on computers and presented to the smart auditory. Of course, one of the most reliable and frequently used media is CD-R or even CD-RW disks in compatible format. It is crucially important to close the session, otherwise, the information on the disk will be impossible to read on the PCs. Second, it is better to make several copies of the disk and check whether the information on it is available.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Alliance for Childhood and Computers in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To make the presentation really captivating, it is better to use big and not quite bright letters. This way, parents will not spend their time and efforts to view the information. It is also better not to use too complicated terminology, because not each parent can be aware about it. This is why it is better to find the way to speak to the point and use simple language. Interesting photos and real life facts – this is also what can make the presentation better. Computers Are Needed in Classes Without any doubts, the use of computers makes our lives easier. Students have a wonderful opportunity to prepare interesting tasks and do not pay much attention to their spelling, as they truly believe that certain computer programs will make all the necessary corrections. Teachers may spend less time to check each work, because computer programs may be rather helpful. Is it correct that computers turn out to be so crucially important in our lives? There are actually so many doubts according to this very answer. But, this time, we have another question to consider: whether computers are so important in schools. In fact, computers in education may be rather helpful. The Internet and e mails may easily stimulate the student to work â€Å"because they notice that they have audience.† (Ortega and Bravo, 2000) This is why it is better to use any means to attract student’s attention to study. However, it is also important to analyze what classrooms should be equipped with computers and students of what age should use them. To my mind, libraries and labs should have several computers in order to make the work of students easier and provide them with more time for researching. With the help of computers, students find the necessary material quicker and can concentrate on the assignment itself. At such classrooms where the lessons on literature, language, and history take place, computers are not necessary. However, where certain experiments take place or when students learn to programming or design, the computers should be obviously present. The students of 10-12 years do not pass such classes as programming or science; this is why the students of such age and early may study without computer support. As for the other students, to get proper education, they should have an access to computers and be involved into the work.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Alliance for Childhood. (2000, September 12). Computers and Children: A Call for Action. Retrieved from http://drupal6.allianceforchildhood.org/computer_position_statement Cordes, C., and Miller, E. (Eds.) (2000). Fools Gold: A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood. Alliance for Childhood. Web. Ortega, M. and Bravo, J. (2000). Computers and Education in the 21 st Century. Springer.

How to Figure Out What SAT Math Questions Are Really Asking

How to Figure Out What SAT Math Questions Are Really Asking SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT Math questions often hit you with a lot of jargon. Some types of questions are prone to being pretty wordy, and many problems just don't make sense- they simply don't click in your brain. Well, this state of affairs simply will not do. There's got to be a better way of hammering away at these problems. And, lo and behold, the post that follows has arrived to illuminate this path. This article will walk you through how to figure out what an SAT Math question is really getting at- what it's trulyasking under all that banter. The SAT Math Question Method This process applies to all types of math problems, from word problems to algebra problems to geometry problems (and all the rest of it). The point of this procedure is to find out what the problemisreally asking so you can avoid solving for the wrong variable or answering the wrong question. A lot of it comes down to staying calm and returning to the information you know. Panicking won't help you, andyou can always build off of the information that you understand. Step 1: Give the Problem a Fair, Level-Headed Read The point here is to assess, calmly, where you are with the problem. Some problems are easy to understand, and some are not, but you won't know until you do some reading. Take a look at this question: Now, depending on how handy you are with systems of equations, this might look likean easy problem or a harder problem. The question, though, is pretty clear: "What is the value ofx?" That's what this question is asking at its very core. Not all questions will be that direct: This question has so many words that it's pretty easy to get lost in the jumble of what it's trying to say. At least, though, if we've read the problem, we know something about its general topicand we know to be very careful as we identify what it's asking.At this point, it may seem unclear: do we want Jessica's initialdeposit? Or how much money Jessica has at the end? Or else Tyshaun? The answer is none of the above, as it turns out- read on to see why. At least Jessica and Tyshaun have wisely invested their money instead of gambling it away. Step 2: Find Your Given Information and Your Question or Command Question and command terms give you crucial information about what you want to find. In the question involving Jessica and Tyshaun, I see the words, "how much (more)." That's ahuge clue to tell you what you're looking for: you want to know, in the test's words, "After 10 years,how much more money will Tyshaun's initial deposit have earned than Jessica's initial deposit?" In this example, "how (much)" is easily identified as part of a question, but be on the lookout for non-question command terms, likefind,identify, ordetermine. These, along with traditional question words likewho/what/where/when/why, are key to understanding what the problem wants you to do or to answer. Quantities are also relatively easy-to-identify pieces of given information. With Jessicaand Tyshaun, I see quantities $100, 2%, 2.5%, and 10 years. Don't skimp out on those units! The number 10 isn't much help unless I know we're talking about years. Labels are important, too. For instance, I see that Jessica and Tyshaun are earning "interest compounded annually." All this information will help you solve the problem. Not everything in every problem will help, though, so be sure to eliminate anything that seems extraneous at this point.There's not a whole ton of slack when it comes to Jessica and Tyshaun; all of that information really does pertain to the problem.Take a look at this problem, though: We don't really care that this is a storage silo being used by a dairy farmer. We can cut straight to "right circular cylinder" and go from there. Step 3: Take a Look at the Answers If the question is multiple choice, see how the answers differ. What changes from one to another? Is it the quantities involved? The arrangement of variables? The units? Check to see what stays the same and what doesn't. That'll give you some hints as to what to pay attention to. Ask yourself, what are these answer choices answering, exactly? That should be a good indicationwhere, generally, you should be looking- eliminate answers that don't answer what the question asked. Or, if they all answer the same question, that's a strong indicator of what question you should be examining. Hints may come from the units. The question, "How much milk does the dairy farm produce in a month?" would never beenanswered with a quantity of miles or cows. Gallons, maybe. Liters, maybe. But not kilometers or degrees. Why isn't "I don't know" a possible answer on the SAT? I mean, it's a true statement, right? Step 4: Rephrase the Question in a Way That Makes Sense to You You've picked out the interesting points in the problem. You've isolated the question/command. You've considered what the answershave to say. Now, bring everything together and try to express it in your own words. With Jessica and Tyshaun, I might say, "How much more money does Tyshaun earn in 10 years than Jessica?" Your version might sound a little different- that's fine, as long as we're working off of the same concept. More Helpful Tips for Understanding SAT Math Problems What follows is a smattering of other principles you can apply to math problems that are giving you trouble. Apply them often. #1: Remember There Are a Ton of Ways to Rephrase the Same Information You can word anything about a million different ways, switching from verbal to numeric and back again. Know which methods of expression jive best with you; are you more about the words or the symbols (and so on)? #2: Take Things One Step at a Time Remember that facts often flowfrom each other, one following another. You may not be given the information you need to find the answer directly, but you'll be given the information you need to findthe information you need to find the answer. If you're not sure, just take the next step you know how to take given what you know; it might lead somewhere! #3: The Test-Makers MustGive You Enough Information Again, you may need to take several steps to reach the answer, but, unless there's an answer choice which specifies that not enough information was given, there has to be enough there to find an answer. Line up all the information you've been given and ask, what bit of information is missing? And how could I find it? It's all about assembling clues. #4: IfDoesn't Mean Optional When you see the wordif, don't think of it as expressing an uncertain contingency:if means, "Be confident that it is so in the world of the SAT." In the silo problem above, "If the volume of the silo is 72Ï€ cubic yards..." means, "The volume of the silo is 72Ï€ cubic yards. Period." #5: NoteMeans"Pay Attention!" When you see the wordnote at the end of a problem, it's time to take its message to heart. Itmight be a unit conversion, as in, "Note: 1 mile - 5,280 feet," or else some other such necessary information, but it will certainly be worth, well,noting. Conclusion A lot of solving strangelyworded SAT Math problems comes down to staying calm and returning to what you know. First, give the problem a fair read. Next, dissect what it's really telling you, and what of that might be useful. If you're stuck, try working backwards. Keep the big picture in mind. Don't be afraid to tinker with problems- get that pencil moving, and do whatever looks possible: it's worth seeing what happens. What's Next? First of all, make your peace with the fact that you'll get stuck sometimes, and learn how to overcome it when it happens. Then, get going on some practice problems, including a set of real whoppers assembled for you with care. You may also be interested in paying some special attention to word problems, as these are often the toughest to interpret. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Business law - Assignment Example For Consideration To Be Valid, It Must Be Sufficient But Need Not Be Adequate. Explain This Rule and Cite Relevant Court Decisions 12 References 15 Question 1 Issue In relation to the case of Freda v Gullies Hotel, it has been observed that Freda has prosecuted legal charges against the management of Gullies Hotel due to the aspect of losing her money and expensive jewelleries from her room within the hotel premise. However, the management of Gullies Hotel has refused to accept the responsibility in lieu of their prior notice that â€Å"The Gullies Hotel and its Management would not be held liable for the safety of any valuable left in the guest's room. The Hotel has safe deposit boxes at the reception†. Rule In accordance with the scenario of the case Freda v Gullies Hotel, it has been recognised that the case involves the issue of loss of customer’s wealth within the time period while she was obtaining the organisational services. In this context, the case can be cons idered under the Vicarious Liability Law under the provision of UK Business Law (Tort Law) (Jones, 2011). The provision under the law constitutes a set of measures which can be taken a victim against the employers while they are found to be responsible for any loss faced by their customer while undertaking their services. The rule involved within the vicarious law includes different principles that ensure to protect the customers from any misconduct by the employers. Therefore, the law can be appropriately applied in order to mitigate the issue presented in the case Fred v Gullies Hotel (Jones, 2011). Application It has been observed that the case of Freda v Gullies Hotel can be applied to the principles and regulations under the Vicarious Liability Law. Therefore, Gullies Hotel can be sued based on significant legal charges made by Freda. The principles and regulations under the vicarious liability ensure to protect the customers in a scenario of losing their invaluable belongings while undertaking the organisational services. In accordance with the strict liability of the law, the management of Gullies is liable for the issue (Jones, 2011). Similar to the stated concern, Freda lost her money and expensive jewelleries during her absence in Gullies Hotel’s room that she booked. Conclusion With reference to the stated law and the case of Freda v Gullies Hotel, it has been observed that the event of missing of customers’ possession is regulated under the provisions of vicarious liability doctrine. Moreover, the prior consciousness related information cannot be applied as the customer was still under that service rendered by the organisation. In accordance with the principle under the Act of vicarious liability, the management of Gullies Hotel can be sued due to their culpable practice. In this regard, Freda can sue the management of Gullies Hotel and take appropriate legal steps (Jones, 2011). Relevant Case Example Olley v Marlborough Court [1949] The case of Olley v Marlborough Court [1949] can be considered as similar to the aforesaid case scenario. In accordance with the case of Olley v Marlborough (1949), it has been witnessed that the claimant found her fur coat theft from the hotel premise of Marlborough. However, in this case, it has also been observed that the defendant party i.e. Marlborough did not mention any prior notice regarding the probability of theft of the customer liabilities from the hotel pr

International Business Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 2

International Business Economics - Essay Example This concept was later popularized in the work of Solow (1957 cited in Prescott, 1998) who had established that the economic growth models which suggest that growth occurs exclusively from an accumulation of resources is unlikely to be permanent and enhancement of productivity is fundamental to generate economic growth. Therefore, there is no singularity in the opinion of researchers regarding the determinants of growth yet there is no denying the fact that TFP is important for economic growth. There is now a growing consensus among researchers that much of the differences between income per capita between the developing and the developed countries can be accredited to TFP differences. The concept of TFP is quite broad and it includes a number of factors like education, health, and skills of the entire human technology, utilization of technology possessed by a country and the absorptive capacity of the economy (Miles and Scott, 2005). Therefore, this essay studies the link between TF P and human capital, TFP and technological progress and finally determines the impact it has on the overall economic growth of the nation. This paper first introduces the concept of TFP, the way in which it can be measured and its main determinants. Then the relation of TFP with human capital and technology is explained in details. Finally, the impact that TFP has on the economic growth is discussed. The burgeoning literature on the South East Asian countries and its growth determinants has also been studied to understand the role of TFP. There are two primary factors for which the concept is aligned to a neoclassical one namely productivity is measured for every factor of production and it has been integrated with the production function. The basic definition of TFP remains same in the works of most of the researchers who observe it as a ratio between net output and the factor inputs.

Innovation and Design Strategy Essay Example for Free

Innovation and Design Strategy Essay Samsung Electronics: Innovation and Design Strategy Introduction: The case study commences with the integration of innovative design and brand management by Samsung Electronics which started a new trend in the electronics industry. As discussed in the case, initially Samsung was not much popular and lacked design identity but later it relocated itself by: * Improvement in the product development processes * Increasing their investments in RD and product design i. e. RD globalization. * By adopting right innovation strategies. By mastering the less tangible, more intuitive qualities of superior design. By diversification of products and step by step or continual improvement. * Implementing Global localization strategy. * Achieving Vision of leading in digital convergence by using e-processes (electronic integration of processes by going online). All these methods were implemented by Samsung in order to improve its productivity and to gain competitive advantage over its competitors like LG Electronics, Sony, Apple Computer Inc. , etc. Despite this, Samsung is facing the challenge to stay ahead in competition in the near future. Consumer electronics industry is facing a tough competition and the need of the our is to optimize the R D costs, having relevant information regarding the IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) while design outsourcing and using appropriate product design followed by appropriate market strategy. Case Analysis: As mentioned in the case, the background of Samsung can be discussed in a tabular form: * Started by Byung-Chull Lee in 1939 as an exporter of agricultural products. I * Samsung Electronics established in 1969 followed by product diversification. I * Strategic Joint Ventures with NEC, Sanyo and Corning Glass work in 1970 | Brought 50% stake in Korea Semiconductor Inc. I * Acquisition of Korea Semiconductor Inc. in 1978 followed by the successful implementation of reverse engineered product design I * Vertical integration by developing their own ICs DRAMS(Dynamic Random Access Memories in 1985 Focus on qualitative growth than quantitative growth in 1990 | * Loosening of import restrictions by South Korean government I And Samsung achieved price competitiveness in 1991. | * In 1992, Samsung established R;D center in European markets. I * In 1994, Samsung established R;D center in US markets. I * In 1997, Samsung cuts its Korean and overseas workforces due to Asian Financial crises. I * In 1999, Samsung was regarded as worlds premiere consumer goods and services industry By Forbes. I * In 2000, Samsung embarked vision to convert itself into a Digital- e company. * Increased design staff and 2004 | * In 2005, Samsung increased its design budget by 20%-30% | * In 2006, Samsung registered 17,377 patents worldwide I * In 2007, Samsung held management, product design and investment in RD provided them advantages over its competitors. Hence, they improved step by step with the product iversification, Mergers and Acquisitions, vertical integration and implementation of new technology. They were aggressively involved in marketing and improving their brand image in the minds of their customers. The Samsungs learning and leveraging matrix can be explained as: Dedicated business units e. g. Informal technology transfer I New venture department or division, e. g. skunkworks( Investments in RDs) I Independent business unit, e. g. Predivestment or potential spinout I Direct integration or business team ( Vertical Integration by developing their own ICS) I High Low Leveraging existing competencies Innovation and product Design at Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics leading position was contributed by the enlisted factors: * Creative people in the organization which contributed in the development of technology. * Co-operation between the business partners throughout the supply chain * Firms ability in exploring end penetrating into the new markets * Speed of innovation and product development. Along with this Samsung also increased the investments in their RD centers. After doing the trend analysis for the Exhibit 3 which shows the Samsung RD udget and percentage sales, We arrive at the conclusion that the Samsungs R;D budget increased till the year 2007 linearly. But there is decline in the percentage of sales in the year 2007, which suggests that the Samsung will need to rethink this strategy. There is an urgent need to optimize the cost related to Samsungs RD expenditure to prevent the decline of sales in future. Samsung globalized their RD network worldwide to develop technologies which can be commercialized in the future. Basically the main idea behind the globalization of RD network is to: * Focus n innovation and generating new products for global market. * There is a huge scope of product improvement. * This provides an access to the emerging markets. * Leverages the market opportunity for the firm. User- Centric Design Philosophy Samsungs philosophy was to strike the balance between the reasons and feelings. This was done by them with the rationalization of the design of product by using geometric and technological parameters and enhancing the design to the product so that it can make the emotional connection with the user. Their global localization strategy helped them to become a top class consumer lectronics company. Marketing Samsung used electronic processes to achieve their vision of leading in digital convergence. The Convergence and integration between manufacturing, promotion ; distribution of electronics included releasing, promoting and marketing. This * Helped in product differentiation * Better value propositions or bundle of benefits to the customers. This graph shows net sales and operating profit of Samsung Electronics 2007 Samsung Electronics E-processes comprised of: The SCM, RD management and Customer management processes were ntegrated with ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). ERP implementation provided them a wider access to the Samsung Electronics operations. This improved their overall processes and improved efficiency.

Dirk Slander: Man with a Mission :: Short Story Stories Essays

Dirk Slander: Man with a Mission "Move your slag Princess!" The henchmen shouted at Princess Bithics, pushing her roughly with the end of his gun. The princess stumbled up the step in front of her and banged her knee on the ground. Dirk Slander struggled in his bonds to move toward her, but his captor tightened the grip on Dirk's neck, and punched Dirk in the back to quite him down. "None of that." A scratchy voice whispered in his ear. The man's hot breath floated over Dirk's shoulder and assaulted his nose; it smelled of old wine and rotten eggs. "You be a good boy Mr. Slander, or I tell Randolph there to give your Princess the once over." The man punched Dirk in the back again to make his point. Dirk gritted his teeth and grunted, but didn't cry out. Relaxing a bit, he allowed himself to be pulled back from the princess. She staggered to her feet, tentatively tested the bruised knee, and continued up the stone steps, now walking with a small limp. Dirk had no doubts she was in pain. Sweat beaded around her temples, causing her fine black bangs to stick to her forehead. Dirt was smeared on her cheeks, and blood from her bottom lip trailed off the corner of her mouth down her small but determined chin. She looked nothing like the Princess of Casmir, in fact Dirk would have thought her a different girl entirely if her eyes still didn't hold that radiating icy glare. Dirk had to admire her spirit; most women would be a bubbling mass of emotion by now. The princess had moxy, no doubt about it. "How much of the treasure did Gorgonzola promise you?" Dirk asked the man behind him, keeping one eye on the princess. "He promised me enough, don't you worry about that." Bree answered, and jabbed Dirk with the end of his pistol. Dirk grunted again, but managed to keep his footing. "Watching you die is all the payment I need." "You really think Gorgonzola is going to split with you? What's to stop him from double crossing you the way he double crossed us?" Dirk asked. While he talked, he tested his bonds. He hoped Bree couldn't see him struggling in the darkening twilight. "Mr. Slander I never trust anyone." Bree said, his voice sounded bored and tired. "Which is why I'm the one with the gun and you're the one marching to your death.

Healthcare Facilities

Research the websites of two competitors and assess the effectiveness of their online presence. Identify specific areas where those websites are superior to yours whether in form or function. Also identify areas where your own website is superior. In searching the Web for the only two competitors in the community in which our organization serves, it was interesting to learn that neither had a website. When searching for Desoto Healthcare Center website, web-surfers are led to a blue page that flashes the message â€Å"This site is currently under construction†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (desotohealth. com. 2013).This for profit nursing home, located nearest the only Hospital in the community, is a 120-bed center with no apparent online presence. Landmark of Desoto, another competitor, is a 60-bed non-profit nursing home with no online presence nor is there any sign of a website to come. Therefore, when compared to other Skilled Nursing Facilities in the area, it is safe to say that Golden Living Center’s website is in fact superior to the competition in both form and function. Research the websites of one supplier and one client. Evaluate the effectiveness of each website as it relates to their association with your organization.Identify specific areas where those websites could better serve your needs. In the Nursing Home sector of Healthcare, many of the suppliers are also the clients. Sta Home Health and Hospice serves as both a supplier and a client to our organization. Sta-Home’s website effectively allows us to refer potential patients to them directly through a link on the site offering us the opportunity to save time from having to make a phone call, leave a message, or provide needed information to someone who may not deliver it to the proper person or location.The website includes a â€Å"Helpful Resources† tab where patients can obtain information on diseases, treatments, tests and procedures, and many other resources. This tab, however, does not offer any information regarding the services offered by my organization. If a Sta Home patient or family were seeking assistance with finding a skilled nursing facility in the area this site would be of no help to them, nor would help my organization with gaining a new referral or potential resident. Identify a journal or publication specific to your industry.Evaluate the overall value that reading such a journal brings to your knowledge of your organization's performance. In reading the Long Term Living publication I learned valuable information about the performance of my organization. While reading an article on the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services I discovered clarification on new guidelines to laundry regulations for nursing facilities. These guidelines have not yet been implemented in my facility and failure to do so would result in receiving an F tag on the Annual State Survey (Pamela Tabar, 2013).My continued reading introduced me to new products on the market that would allow for better monitoring of the residents and patients in our care. With a wristwatch appearance, The Trilock personal locator functions as both a tracking and communications device and offers a perimeter management setting that would alert caregivers when the wearer is near the set area (Tabar, 2013). For my organization, this would serve as another safety measure and allow for added patient/resident security.As I read through this online publication, I found information that is vital to both patient care and overall operations of our organization. Some of this information had not been communicated to our facility and could cause potential service issues or even result in a failing score on CMS review. This gives me insight that there is a possible breakdown in our organizations performance as it relates to communications from the top down. References Desoto Healthcare Center. 2013.Retrieved on February 15, 2013 from http://www. desotohealthcare. com/ Stahome. com Pam ela Tabar. 2013. CMS Cleans Up Guidelines on Laundry and Infection Control. Retrieved on February 15, 2013 from http://www. ltlmagazine. com/news-item/cms-cleans-guidelines-laundry-and-infection-control Pamela Tabar. 2013. GPS Wristwatch Locates Wandering Seniors, Contacts Care Team. Retrieved on February 15, 2013 from http://www. ltlmagazine. com/news-item/gps-wristwatch-locates-wandering-seniors

Aligning IT Components To Achieve Agility In Globally Distributed

In GDSD project there three interdependent components of agility that include; the agile IT strategy which is used to suit changing needs, the agile IT infrastructure that enables the formulation and performance of flexible It strategies, and agile IT project management that is concerned with enabling coordination and control in the system development project.According to the author, the work of IT strategy to explore and exploit new technologies can result to agile IT infrastructure that facilitates the firms to realize business strategies in new different ways.Alternatively, agility in organizational IT infrastructure is important to the formulation of IT enabled corporate or local business strategies. This article shows that IT infrastructure is vital because it contributes to the agility of project management by enabling fast and flexible integration of multiple system components.In my view, it is important to for a firm to have good relationship with external partners because th ey provide awareness and opportunities that enables a firm to explore new technologies, which then leads to deployment of appropriate of IT infrastructure to suit local needs.In conclusion, this article states that global business environment provides firms with business opportunities where by as they are developing global business strategies, they should also support them with information systems aligned with these strategies.This brings need to the firma having good relationship with the external partners so that they can be able to explore the new technologies that lead to local targeted needs.ReferencesLee O., Lim, K., Banerjee P., Hillegersberg, J., Kumar K. & Wei K.   (2006). Aligning IT   Components to Achieve Agility in Globally Distributed System Development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong.   

Individual in Society essays

Individual in Society essays Individuality according to dictionary.com means the aggregate of qualities and characteristics that distinguish one person or thing from others; character: choices that were intended to express his individuality; monotonous towns lacking in individuality. Or in other words individuality is what makes people different from one person to another. Although people are different people feel a need to belong to a group in society. I think that people feel that they need to belong to a group because in a group you can talk about your dilemmas and receive comfort from others. In a group of people you can talk about your ambitions and your viewpoint on many topics. Many problems arise from individuality and from feeling the need to belong to a group. Individuality creates many problems because many people will not accept somebody in their group just because they are different. Which then leads to the problem of the need to belong to a group. If you are not pictured as the normal person then i t is very hard to be accepted by others. Many people will do almost anything to be accepted. Even conform to be like others and loose ones individuality. The first story I will talk about, from the book Facing History and Ourselves, is called Conformity and Identity which begins on page 31. This story is about somebody named Brandon Carson. What Mr. Carson is saying is that To learn to accept yourself as you are, and then to start liking yourself completely, is an obstacle some people never overcome. At the age of 16 Mr. Carson admitted to his friends and family the he was gay. The story talks about how he told his friend that he was gay and his friend was no longer a friend but an ex-friend. Mr. Carson has come to many difficulties since he came out of the closet. Many homosexuals have a difficulty maintaining their individuality because homosexuals are not a majorit ...

Flounder and Founder

Flounder and Founder Flounder and Founder Flounder and Founder By Maeve Maddox Jim Eggensperger asks: Have you done flounder and founder recently? As nouns, a flounder is a fish and a founder is someone who establishes something. Founder is also a disease of the horses foot known as laminitis. This post is about flounder and founder as verbs. flounder: to struggle violently and clumsily founder: of a building, to fall down; of a horse, to stumble, collapse, fall helplessly to the ground; of a vessel, to fill with water and sink Both words are commonly used in a figurative sense. People who are uncertain of their purpose, or ill-prepared are said to flounder. Floundering freshmen a concern they put up huge efforts against top teams but then flounder against the bottom-dwellers. theyve [Homeland Security] had all this time to get their act together and all they do is flounder. A business or other enterprise that fails is said to founder. Is Intellectual Ventures Foundering? Foundering Healthcare Reform Legislation, Torpedoed by Senate Election Chris Dalys Progressive Primary foundering Sometimes the meanings seem to overlap. For example, a company that lacks leadership may be both floundering and foundering. The choice of words in the following examples leaves one wondering. Is Democracy Floundering? Modern social state is floundering Floundering in Afghanistan Lou Piniella Accomplishes Little for a Floundering Franchise Is Microsoft Floundering with Steve Ballmer at the Helm? The following examples definitely call for foundering: Caprica on Syfy Is Floundering In The Ratings (the ratings are falling) Floundering El Nià ±os Make for Fickle Forecasts (theyre becoming weaker) Floundering New Mexico Film Museum to shut (its out of money) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowWhen to Form a Plural with an Apostrophe50 Words with Alternative Spellings

The Purpose of the Financial Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 21

The Purpose of the Financial Policy - Essay Example Coming to the month of May, the expenses go much down, making the net income to increase, hence an increase in the profit. This shows that the month was not much over-budgeted. On the month of June, the net expenses and deductions increase again drastically. This reduces the net income, in the same way, hence making the net profit be reduced. Even though the company does not realize a loss this month, the profit it gets is so much reduced when compared to the previous month.  Financial policy is criteria or procedure that describes a company’s choices as far as debt/ equity mix, currencies of denomination, maturity structure, the method of financing investment projects, and hedging decisions with a goal of maximizing the value of the firm to a particular group of stockholders.  The purpose of the financial policy is to minimize cost over a long period of time, providing citizens, investors and business owners with confidence when they know that there are strong, and consis tent financial policies in place to guide their businesses.  The benefits of a financial policy include the fact that the stakeholders are guided by certain rules and regulations, hence the gain of confidence in the business over a long period of time. It also enables people to receive payment at the time of service. The financial policy allows one to gain control over a financial system, this enables one to offer financial services to patients while minimizing possible confusions.

A critical evaluation of one aspect of contemporary hospitality Essay - 1

A critical evaluation of one aspect of contemporary hospitality management - Essay Example nstances, ordering, deliverance, imbursement, and stocking are commenced and completed by information which is captured by examining equipment with little involvement of human resources. Some hotel chains used to sell their ownership to the foreign investors though still keeping control. This provides them with the capital which was required for further growth. The classifications of regular American Hotel are: commercial hotels, conference centres, airport hotels, economy hotels, residential hotels, suite hotels, casino hotels, and resort hotels (Irs, 2014). The hotel industry varies from privately owned businesses to major global groups with more than six lakh room (Irs, 2014). The international hospitality industry involves the organizations or companies which provide accommodation and food to the individuals. It covers broad range of locations, jobs, activities, as well as economic brackets. The hospitality industry involves four sectors which are beverage and food, recreation, l odging, and tourism and travel. The travel industry moves people to different places while tourism industry offers with services which promote vacations and travel (Teare and Olsen, 1992). The Gaviota Tourism Group (Group de Turismo Gaviota) is founded in 1988 having situated in Cuba. It is the company with the dynamic expansion in the monarchy of the tourism industry in Cuba; present in major travel destinations and is also working progressively for the growth of the country. As of today, the Gaviota Tourism Group runs total 52 facilities amongst villas and hotels, with 19,214 rooms in function, with more than 650 million of yearly sales and also an average annually development of the hotel portfolio of 12.4%. The growth rate of this hotel industry will stay at a point of 20.3% yearly, ending with more than 4,000 rooms every year, therefore doubling the figure of guestrooms which is estimated to reach 46,000 by 2017 (Gaviota, 2014). For more than 26 years of the hotel excellence as

Artificial Heart, History and Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Artificial Heart, History and Function - Essay Example Artificial Heart, History and Function This prompted Dayton of Ohio to develop a polymer that would be accepted by the body of a human being. July 3, 1952, a successful heart surgery was done by use of the mechanical heart acting as a substitute during the operations. That was at the Harper University Hospital, Wayne State University in Michigan, USA. A machine called Dodrill-GMR was used during the operation’s success. The doctor’s in operation, Dr. Forest Dewey Dodrill and Dr. Matthew Dudley noted that this was the first operation that an artificial machine had fully replaced the functions of the heart during an operation. This discovery did set the pace for other inventions and experiments in the same field. In 1949, Yale school doctors, William Glenn and William Sewell made a pre cursor to this artificial heart-pump that was seen to bypass the heart of a dog for more than one hour. Many other inventions have followed since these discoveries were made. This created discoveries both in the USA and in other places all over the world leading to the now fully functional artificial heart. Patients eligible for receiving these hearts are those whose hearts are on the verge of collapsing due to a collection of problems associated with heart failures. The main disadvantage of these hearts is that they do not operate like the natural hearts where they have to be powered making the user to lack ability to continue with active life.

Concrete Elastic Modulus For Various Aggregate Types Construction Essay

Concrete Elastic Modulus For Various Aggregate Types Construction Essay Concrete generally, is an inevitable constructional material in civil Engineering for profitability and economy of designs in life. Therefore, much emphasis must be placed on the efficacy for sustainability of the people to avoid risk of progressive collapse due to the instability of its nature after design. It is a challenge to curb the menace of inadequacy of design for the durability of concrete all day. The heterogeneity of concrete is real to be composed of Cement, Water (uncontaminated), Fine and Coarse aggregates otherwise known as constituent materials. The fossils lie embedded in a matrix of cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates and, are so strong because of the binding ability of the properties, absorbency in nature and most importantly, skilful knowledge of the designers during construction. The volume of concrete occupied by the coarse aggregates is significantly great compared to other properties thereby, playing the biggest role in terms of given desired strength re commended by different professional associations in the world. Concrete also is made up high compressive strength and a low value of tensile strength. It is used to protect corrosion of steel reinforcing bars. The importance to investigate concrete Elastic Modulus for various aggregate types as a parameter which enhances deformation resulting to cracks during serviceability with time is a course that cannot be undermined in the study of concrete properties. This implies that Elastic Modulus is a property that depends on compressive strength and aggregates stiffness. Strength and Stiffness are termed as the most probable important of all the properties of concrete materials considered for suitable structures design. The strength of a material obviously controls the estimation of the collapse load of a structure. Stiffness is important to ensuring un-deflection too much under load as well as dominates the avoidance of buckling of compression members. The characteristic strength of concrete is said to be classified based on designated concrete called strength class that depends on the types of constructions to be executed. When the value of compressive strength is too high there is a probability that most of the structures will be constructed of concrete possessing strength below this value and, too low a value will cause inefficient use of materials. So, it is the characteristic strength value of the cube strength at 28 days below which not more than 5% of the test out comes may be expected to depreciate is the primary concern of every designer at every point in time. The British Standards BS8110 indentifies the clause: The Strength, below which, not more than 5% of specimen will fail to signify strength that is very close to the mean value of a large samples of concrete normally distributed in a Bell-shaped against the frequency. This is idealized that some samples of concrete are stronger while others are weaker in strength and these variations are measure of the standard deviation. 1.20. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE IN COMPRESSION The properties of concrete in compression are attributed to Short- term and Long-term loadings when discussing the linearity and un-linearity of the stress-strain curve. Short-term loading is used for Normal weight or density concrete and represented the most linear part called the elastic region of the stress-strain curve. The curve defines the uniaxial compressive test performed at normal, average speed on concrete at 28 days. The straight elastic portion describes how stress and strain are closely related before maximum stress is effective. Modulus of Elasticity is a derivative parameter resulting from the slope of this linear portion of the curve and is always larger in value when the strength of the concrete increases. The stress-strain curve shape varies considerably for identical concrete of the same cylindrical strength under the same loading condition and this strange behaviour depicts the variability in concrete samples due to one factor or the other from testing procedures : Nilson, Darwin and Dolon (2004:40). Long-term loading is the creeping nature of concrete with time. This is the continuous loading of concrete beyond 28 days of aged. The deformations of concrete are practically observed at this point in time which are proportional to the magnitude of the stress. At this region on the stress-strain curve, the stress is not longer linear. In addition to the load level, creep depends on the average humidity which is an important parameter to be investigated when designing a concrete. 1.30. THE REVIEW OF OTHER WORKS Based on the review of others, the Magazine of concrete Research(1991), Kaplan revealed that concrete with the same compressive strength may have different dynamic modulus of elasticity of different aggregates. The British Standard Institute CP110, and European Code; model code for concrete structures whereas made no provision but grossly looked at estimating compressive strength only. ACI Code tried in its little way to include a term for concrete density the expression for elastic modulus, since this term is raised to the power of 1.5, it has considerable weighting. But the BS110 has provided bases to satisfy new expressions for estimating the elastic modulus based on the work of Teychenne, to conform to the Stress-strain relationship of concrete such that: Ec28 = Ko + 0.2fcu28 BS8110, Ec28 = 5.5cu28 /à ¡Ã‚ µ) and Et /Ec28 = 0.4 + 0.6ft /f28 where, Ec28 = concrete elastic modulus at 28 days. fcu28 = characteristic concrete strength at 28 days. Ko = stiffness factor of aggregates (usually taken as 20Gpa, and 0.2 is a coefficient) by Teychenne but Code varying from 14 to 26Gpa. t = required age in days. And these expressions have functional relationship which the elastic modulus yields to at all points in time for consistency of analysis of the properties of materials. Hence, this project is only pivoted on the overall ideas and assumptions of the BS8110 to investigation the effects of four aggregate types (Granite, Gravel, Grey Limestone and White Polar Chippings) of the same size of 10mm, on compressive strength at 28 days. OBJECTIVES: To have a thorough justification by testing the effects of these four aggregates on the Elastic modulus of concrete to conform to the generalized approach of the BS8110 expressions. To critically compare and contrast the similarities or uniqueness between the experimental values of compressive strength targeted at 40-50N/mm2 of high strength concrete. To generally examine the aggregates stiffness in relation to Elastic modulus. Comparing compressive strengths of concrete in different proportion by volume of fine coarse aggregates of the concrete samples ( and in this case, 30:70% and 40:60% ratios is used) respectively. To verify the justification that the compressive strength of a cube is feasibly higher than the compressive strength of a cylinder when tested. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1.0. BACKGROUND Concrete as heterogeneous material is categorized into normal and light weight concrete based on the design performance relating the characteristic strengths and densities of materials to suit appropriate constructions. The high strength concrete is term generally used to mean concrete with a uniaxial compressive strength value greater than 41Mpa, as assumed by the ACI committee 363. This is used for the Design of columns especially of high residential structures, Bridge of longer spans, offshore oil platforms and so on: Nilson, Darwin and Dolan (2004:52). Higher Elastic modulus and coefficient of creep lower reduce long-term deflection in compression. The disadvantages include the reduction in ultimate strain capacity, brittleness in compression and increase the tendency of cracks to occur and not economical. The requirement is of low water-cement ratio below 0.25 according to Nilson, Darwin and Dolan (2004:53). low strength is otherwise known as conventional concrete having the str ength less than high strength concrete according to Bashir, Almusallam and Maslehuddin; In constructional and building Materials (2003: 97-103). High strength concrete is relative to a uniaxial compressive strength that is greater than that which is derived ordinarily in a region because maximum strength of concrete that is currently being produced varies considerably from one region to the other: Bahshir, Almusallam and Maslehuddin (2003:2). Hence, the using of high strength brings about the reduction of cross sectional area and dead loads in a structure. The functional mechanism of concrete depends on the overall constituent materials which are basically cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates in defined proportions with different properties resulting to characteristic strengths. The efficacy of a characteristic strength is attained only when the materials are properly selected, manufactured and designed, and the properties well defined and handled to yield desired result. Several investigators and researchers have revealed through their experimental works the influence of materials composite on the Elastic modulus and Compressive strength. Specifically, the Construction and Building Materials research (2002) and (2003). These respective Materials recognized that concrete should be properly examined as a three phase constituent materials of aggregates, cement and a transition between them. Also, that the transition zone is ranged 10-50 thick and generally seen as being the weakest component of concrete resulting to influence on the mechanical behaviour of concrete as could be compared to volumetric importance according to the Construction and Building Materials (2010:505-512). 2.2.0.THE DEFECTIVES OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE (HSC). The problem of the High Strength Concrete as justified by the Construction and Building Materials (2003:3) is that cracking is more generalize and tends to homogeneous material characteristic as compared to the normal concrete: Bashir, Almusallam, Maslehuddin (2003:97-103). Also, High strength Concrete behaves as a linear elastic property and being subjected to brittleness than Normal concrete strength hence, cumulated that it is paramount to propound data on the mechanical properties of hardened concrete particularly, its strength in relation to the ideas of Bashir, Almusallam, Maslehuddin (2003:97-103); further argued that there is a good correlation between the Engineering properties of concrete such as stiffness factor. Generally, it is understood that besides the constituent materials, Mix design and Stiffness also play importance roles to enhance strength accumulation in concrete design. And the below flow chart may be used simply to illustrate how concrete is form from various materials including design mix to achieve desired strength and durability. DESIGN CONCRETE MATERIALS CEMENT, WATER, FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES MIX-DESIGN PROPERTIES ( Strength, Workability and Durability ) Others Creep and Shrinkage Elastic modulus Fire resistance Resistance to abrasion Thermal conductivity Figure 1: Concrete Flow Chart 2.3.0. DESIGN MATERIALS There are basically three constituent materials of concrete for design purpose namely: Cement. Fine and Coarse Aggregate. Water. 2.3.1. CEMENT Cement as a design material is of various types but more importantly restricted to the Ordinary Port land type for the purpose of this investigation. It constitutes principally of chemical compound such as Dicalcuim and Tricalcium Silicates in different proportions by percentage. Cement fineness and soundness are the most properties of interest to be examined to achieve desired concrete strength according to the British Standard Institution (1991:20). It is believe that High Strength Concrete is resulting from high performance Ordinary Portland cement well ground in good proportion. The Cement paste helps to harden concrete to gain strength through a chemical reaction known as hydration property due to curing at 28 days age. It also mixes with water to fill the void of aggregates which enables the concrete to be easily placed and flows to avoid shrinkage. An Ordinary Port land Cement is one which all the particles will pass a No.100 sieve and over 95% will pass a No.200 sieve in British Standard (1991) and, must have minimum strength of (compressive strength) for 3-day mortal cubes of less than 15N/mm2, 7-day 23N/mm2 and 3-day concrete 8N/mm2 while, 7-day 14n/mm2, Kong and Evans (1996:20). Its weight is a function of the degree of compaction which is roughly taken as 1450kg/m2: Kong and Evans (1996). 2.3.2. AGGREGATES Aggregates are the most important constituent materials of concrete. These materials constitute about 65-75% by volume of hardened mass occupied in concrete mix thereby, constituting the highest quota of concrete strength. The High performance strength of concrete is due to the type of aggregates to be used in design. There are two main types known as fine and coarse aggregates. 2.3.2.1. Fine Aggregate This is natural sand from a good source free of impurities and contaminations that is capable of achieving the cohesiveness of the mix and desired strength: Kong and Evans (1996). Fine Aggregate is derived from natural sand or crushed stone sand or crushed gravel with particle capable of passing a 5mm sieve by Kong and Evans. A technically satisfied fine aggregate is one which has the capability of producing satisfactory concrete: Day (1999). It is said by Day to be standard and substandard if having the effect of retarding set, increased bleeding, excessive air entrainment, poor workability and increased water requirement, resulting in increase in shrinkage and extra cost. Most importantly, the features of a fine aggregate that affect the functionality of a design concrete has been identified by Day (1999): (i). Grading. (ii). Particle shape and surface texture. (iii). Clay. (iv). Chemical catalysts (salt and alkaline). (v). presence of mechanical weak particle. (vi). Water absorption level. (vi). source. However, this investigation only discus on the effect of Grading, Particle shape and texture, and more importantly source of the aggregates. 2.3.2.2. Coarse Aggregates . The properties of a coarse aggregate rely on solely the source of basic rock, the crushing process and its treatment in terms of separation into fractions, segregation and contamination as proposed by Day (1999). It is also noted that a coarse aggregate is one which is derived crushed stone, crushed gravel that can retain on a 5mm sieve according to Kong and Evans (1996). One important feature of a coarse aggregate is the bond characteristic usually associated high strength concrete which flexural and tensile strength are of special consideration, and it is a composite nature of chemical effects of surface roughness, particle shapes, water absorption and cleanliness by Day (19990. Again, Kong and Evans (1996); propounded that the durability and chemical inert under expose condition is the most requirement of a coarse aggregate, and the size, shape and surface texture and grading are said to be physical requirements must be examined because these are characteristics which enhance the strength or weakness of concrete. 2.4.0. GRADING A durable concrete must be dense, and when fresh, good enough for compaction: Kong and Evans (1996). There are voids comprise of mixture of cement, water and fine aggregate in mortar and that which is slightly more than sufficient is recommended to fill the voids of coarse and, cement paste slightly more than sufficient also to fill the voids of fine aggregate: Kong and Evans (1996). The voids are seen as functions of grading and particle size distribution by Kong and Evans. Generally, grading is the total way of accessing or categorizing the fineness and grade to which workability of concrete can be achieved considerably at a good flow. This is carried out through a comparative idea of sieve analysis as well as particle size distribution based on the recommendation by British Standards or ASTM of sieve sizes. These sieve sizes are used to estimate the cumulative percentage of finer of the weight retained particles on each sieve. And to comply with the BS 882, the percentages for the coarse aggregate and fine aggregate should fall within the limit the below tables: Kong and Evans (19960). Table2.10 Grading Limits for Coarse Aggregates Percentage by weight passing the standard sieves Nominal size of Aggregates Standards sieve (mm) 40mm to 5mm 20mm to 5mm 14mm to 5mm 50.0 100 37. 90-100 100 20.0 35-70 90-100 100 14.0 90-100 10.0 10-40 30-60 50-85 5.0 0-5 0-10 0-10 Kong and Evans (1996:36) Table2.20 Grading Limits for Fine Aggregates Percentage by weight passing the standard sieves Additional Limits for Grading Sieve Overall Limits C M F 10.0mm 100 5.0mm 89-100 2.36mm 60-100 60-100 65-100 80-100 1.18mm 30-100 30-90 45-100 70-100 600mm 15-100 15-54 25-80 55-100 300 5-70 5-40 5-48 5-70 150mm 0-15 0-15 Kong and Evans (1996:36). The above tables show that especially, the fine aggregate has zone division from coarse, medium and finer. The divisions are larger based on percentage passing the 600mm meaning in a fresh concrete mix, the content of the fine aggregate penetrating has an advantage over workability. 2.5.0. THE CONTENT AND PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION In the Construction and Building Materials (2010:505-512); Meddah, Zitouni and Belaabes used the effect of content and particle size distribution of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength as a base for argument of concrete strength. This revealed that several properties of aggregate such as degree of weathering, specific gravity, hardness, chemical, and mineral composition, shape, roughness, physical and chemical stability and pore structure are connected to the parent rock. Also, that adequate proportion of granular fractions depend on the type of concrete targeted and thereby, used similar aggregates such as Limestone, Basalt, Diabase, Granite and Quartz of the sizes of 15mm and 25mm for comparison; and ascertained after experimentation that the great effect on the usefulness of aggregates is largely depends on the particle size distribution. Meddah, Zitouni and Belaabes (2010) came to conclusion that; The value of compressive strength of normal concrete increases with the maximum size of coarse aggregates. The content of the coarse aggregates has a great influence on the compressive strength of both normal and high strength concrete, and increase in compressive strength is succeeded. The advantage of the coarse aggregate grains distribution on compressive strength of High Strength concrete is significant as compared to the Normal concrete. The compressive strength is strongly connected to the coarse aggregates parameters such as content proportion of fine to coarse aggregate and grain distribution of concrete mixture. Furthermore, Kong and Evans (1996) also supports these arguments but emphasize that higher coarse aggregate sizes results to lower water/cement ratio to achieve reasonable workability and higher strength of concrete. The reduced water/cement ratio is been offset by the strong effect of the lower bond area at the interface of the cement paste and the aggregate and of the discontinuities caused by the large particles. 2.6.0. EFFECT OF AGGREGATE SOURCE Relative to the action of various aggregate types on concrete properties called Elastic Modulus and compressive strength, several researches have been carried out by different people to justify the boredom to study how the negative impacts are reduced considerably on concrete strength collective sources of aggregates. In the Magazine of Concrete Research of (1999:291-304); this work reported the applicability of the BS approach to a range of 13 different aggregate types from a source in South Africa that the strength of concrete depends not only on stiffness, particle sizes, shape and texture, mix design but on selected sources of the aggregates. The source of controls the physical properties such as Relative Density RD, Look Bulk Density LBD, and Consolidated Bulk Density CBD, water absorption and Coefficient of thermal expansion should be examined in addition. Thus, Alexander (1991:291-304) concluded the results of his experimentation after thorough comparison to others that different aggregates produce different compressive and Elastic Modulus depending on their sources of selection which should be free from contaminations such as sodium chloride or alkaline and, was strongly supported by Day (1999); that chloride content of aggregates collected from beach sand is contaminated than dredge sand from sea. This contamination cause efflorescence and higher shrinkage and utter the setting and handing rates of concrete. 2.7.0. WATER Water is necessary for the design of concrete since it enables the concrete to be properly mix the constituent materials together for compatibility. This design water should be free of contamination of sodium chloride, oils, alkalis and sugar which are catalysts to reduce the effect or workability of the constituent materials of concrete. The requirement for water testing has been provided by the BS3148 for concrete suitability. Suitable water of concrete is otherwise known as design water when the measured volume is enabled to be predicted by the idea of mix design. It is also known as consumable water or hygienic water is necessary in concrete cast to have the desired strength and, if water is suspected to be contaminated, it is advisable by the BS3148 to run or cast a series of test sample made of contaminated and hygienic water to enable the designer to predict its effect on concrete and made decision on the selection of minimum quantity or volume of water is required for optimum strength of concrete whereas, large volume of water gives low strength of concrete. Excess volume of water leads to loss of slump. Workability of concrete depends on the water content used for design when considering the water/cement ratio criterion of mix design. 2.80. PRACTICAL MIX-DESIGN The term Mix-Design is the ability or a medium of selecting good components of concrete known as binders that are normally accessed on batching by weight or volume. The major aim of mix design is to select the optimum ratio of cement, water and aggregates to achieve a concrete with desired strength, workability, durability and economy: Kong and Evans (1996:50). It is strongly emphasize by Kong and Evans that practical mix design are based on the free water/cement ratio as the most important factor and the water content to determine or influence the strength of concrete. The batching relative to weight is preferably important in design of concrete for desired strength, and the idea or process revolves round water/cement proportion for batching weight of concrete for conventional aggregates especially with a constant density in question. 2.8.1. Water- Cement Ratio In general practice of concrete technology, water/cement ratio is perhaps the most important emphasized parameter to be examined in design. The base point of a typical mix design is the proper placed value of the water/cement ratio. It is simply the ratio of water to cement in terms of weight: Kong and Evans (1996). Practical mix design methods engaged the free water/cement and water content which are the two required factors that influence the strength, durability and workability of concrete. In the calculation of the water/cement ratio only the weight of the free water is used amongst the overall water absorbed by the aggregates and, it is the total water less the absorbed water while, the water content is the weight of the free water per unit volume of concrete: Kong and Evans (1996:50). Kong and Evans emphasized that the establishment by an initial mixes otherwise known as trails batch or adjustments on site: supported by Day (1999). Both researchers re cognised that there are two basically main methods of mix design captured from the works of Road Research Laboratory, the American Concrete Institute and Department of the Environment DoE known as the Traditional and DoE mixes. The water/cement ratio is chosen for strength and workability at average of 28 days called the mean target strength relative to characteristic strength: value that exceeds by a suitable margin known as current margin. 2.90. DURABILITY/ PEAMEABILITY OF CONCRETE 2.9.1. Durability The ability of a concrete to achieve its purpose of design in service is very important in design. The parameters that influence the potential integrity of concrete is over estimated in terms of durability of concrete. The provision of appropriate workability, suitable cement, aggregates and water as major ingredients of concrete in accordance with given standard and codes of practice are the base line. The tendency of concrete to exhibit a free corrosive nature and, a maximum protection against external forms of attack is impinge upon the correct choice of materials and adequate proportions: Lydon (1983). Durable design concrete is stable and capable of withstanding all the environmental conditions to which it is exposed: Kong and Evans (1996:38). 2.9.2 Permeability Permeability of concrete is related to durability and it is the crawl at which water can pass through the concrete: Kong and Evans (1996:39). Low permeable enables the concrete to withstand the effects of weathering, rain and action of freezing and thawing exposed conditions. The permeability of concrete increase rapidly with amount of voids and water/cement ratio and, when the amount over influxes the strength of concrete reduces. It is advisable that permeability should not exceed 7% else, bound to be corrosion in case of reinforcement: Kong and Evans (1996). 2.10. CREEP PROPERTY OF CONCRETE. Creep is a property of concrete that depends on loading duration. When there is an increase in strength in concrete with age, it is said to be under creeping condition. Creep is not actually proportional to strength but inversely related and can be estimated provided the strength-age could be determined. This is generally relative to the creep values of specimen concrete mixes which is derived from loading to one-third of the cube strength at 28 days curing age: Kong and Evans (1996:30). The concrete is unlikely to be stressed beyond one-half of the cube strength and, the creep of concrete at specified period of loading is roughly estimated to be proportional to the stress by Kong and Evans. Different concrete of the same cement paste content would produce creep that is approximately proportional to the stress/ strength ratio. Desired strength unaffected by creep is determined with respect to the avoidance of long term loading duration of concrete. The rate at which creep increases d epends on the increase in temperature as a linear function and, at a value of 1% of the 15 oC creep for each degree Celsius: Kong and Evans (1996:31). Generally, aggregate-cement ratio, aggregate content, cement content and water content do not have any significant effect on creep but water-cement ratio and cement type influence the level of creep in concrete design. 2.11. SHRINKAGE PROPERTY OF CONCRETE The shortening in length or contraction of concrete as a result of absorption of water in the gel is related to dry shrinkage: Kong and Evans (1996:33). It is a physical property of concrete unlike creep of chemical influence. Aggregate content, fineness of cement, and temperature influence the level of shrinkage of concrete. Low shrinkage concrete contains non-shrinking aggregates like limestone Quartzite gravel, mountain limestone, blast furnace slag, dolomite, granite and so on: Kong and Evans (1996:35). While, high shrinkage is as a result of aggregates volume change on wetting and drying such as slate, sandstone, basalt so on. Both coarse and fine aggregates influence the level of concrete shrinkage more importantly and, shrinkage is been reduced by using various aggregates of high Moduli of Elasticity that are dense and hard. 2.11.1. Aggregates Shrinkage Mechanism In Concrete Aggregates do undergo change in volume because they contain some minerals in form of clay which swell up when absorbing water or dry out and shrink. During setting of concrete, the cement paste volume changes. Forces are exerted during setting on aggregates resulting in moisture content affecting the overall size of the aggregate. The total weight of aggregates is that which is related to Elastic modulus and the volume ratio of the cement paste. It is reasonable to say that all aggregates suppose to be shrinkable to a greater or less extent as well as change in volume for proper classifications and selections for high or low shrinkage types: Pike (1990). The effect of high shrinkage causes unwanted movement or cracks and reduction in durability of concrete thereby leads to corrosion of the reinforcement members. 2.12. CONCRETE STRENGTH The design strength is associated with Compressive strength of concrete which is the common measure for judging a standard durable concrete at 28 days curing age. Buildings and other Engineering structures are purely designed with the most performance estimate of the compressive strength for stability, workability and durability of concrete. In the National Ready Mix Concrete association (NRMCA:2003); compressive strength is generally regarded as a measure by breaking Cylindrical Concrete Specimens in a Compressive Testing Machine basically, based on the precepts of the BS8110 and ASTM. The estimation of compressive strength is derived from the failure load over the cross-sectional area that is resisting the load of unit of mega Pasca (Mpa); an International standard Unit of measurement: BS8110 (1985) and NRMCA (2003). Compressive Strength of concrete varies from 17-28Mpa. The compressive needs to be determined from a concrete mixture to attain the desired or required strength for sp ecified for a job. The strength tested results from cast concrete cylinder is used for quality control, estimation of strength or acceptance of concrete in